Raphael

Raphael Encyclopædia Britannica | article page
b. April 6, 1483, Urbino, Duchy of Urbino [Italy]
d. April 6, 1520, Rome, Papal States [Italy]
Italian IN FULL RAFFAELLO SANZIO, master painter and architect of the Italian High Renaissance. Raphael is best known for his Madonnas and for his large figure compositions in the Vatican in Rome. His work is admired for its clarity of form and ease of composition and for its visual achievement of the Neoplatonic ideal of human grandeur.
http://www.britannica.com/bcom/eb/article/8/0,5716,64298+1,00.html

Raphael (Vasari)
RAPHAEL OF URBINO, Painter and Architect (5483-1520)
THE liberality with which Heaven now and again unites in one person the inexhaustible riches of its treasures and all those graces and rare gifts which are usually shared among many over a long period is seen in Raphael Sanzio of Urbino, who was as excellent as gracious, and endowed with a natural modesty and goodness sometimes seen in those who possess to an unusual degree a humane and gentle nature adorned with affability and good-fellowship, and he always showed himself sweet and pleasant with persons of every degree and in all circumstances. Thus Nature created Michelagnolo Buonarroti to excel and conquer in art, but Raphael to excel in art and in manners also.
http://rubens.anu.edu.au/imageserve/texts//vasari/vasari.raphael.html

Raphael
Italian Renaissance painter, considered one of the greatest and most popular artists of all time. Raphael was born Raffaello Santi or Raffaello Sanzio in Urbino on April 6, 1483, and received his early training in art from his father, the painter Giovanni Santi. In 1499 he went to Perugia, in Umbria, and became a student and assistant of the painter Perugino.

In 1504 Raphael moved to Florence, where he studied the work of such established painters of the time as Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Fra Bartolommeo, learning their methods of representing the play of light and shade, anatomy, and dramatic action.

In 1508 Raphael was called to Rome by Pope Julius II and commissioned to execute frescoes in four small stanze, or rooms, of the Vatican Palace. The walls of the first room, the Stanza della Segnatura, are decorated with scenes elaborating ideas suggested by personifications of Theology, Philosophy, Poetry, and Justice, which appear on the ceiling. On the wall under Theology is the Disputà, representing a group discussing the mystery of the Trinity. The famous School of Athens, on the wall beneath Philosophy, portrays an open architectural space in which Plato, Aristotle, and other ancient philosophers are engaged in discourse.

After the death of Pope Julius II in 1513, and the accession of Leo X, Raphael's influence and responsibilities increased. He was made chief architect of Saint Peter's Basilica in 1514, and a year later was appointed director of all the excavations of antiquities in and near Rome. Raphael died in Rome on his 37th birthday, April 6, 1520.
http://www.mcs.csuhayward.edu/~malek/Raphael.html

WebMuseum: Raphael
"While we may term other works paintings, those of Raphael are living things; the flesh palpitates, the breath comes and goes, every organ lives, life pulsates everywhere."
-- Vasari, Lives of the Artists
http://metalab.unc.edu/wm/paint/auth/raphael/

CGFA- Raphael
Carol L. Gerten (Jackson)
Raphael was an Italian Renaissance painter who is considered one of the greatest and most popular artists of all time.He was born Raffaello Santi or Raffaello Sanzio in Urbino on April 6, 1483, and received his early training in art from his father, the painter Giovanni Santi.
In 1504 Raphael moved to Florence, where he studied the work of such established painters of the time as Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Fra Bartolommeo, learning their methods of representing the play of light and shade, anatomy, and dramatic action. His development during his Florentine period can best be traced in his numerous Madonnas.
In 1508 Raphael was called to Rome by Pope Julius II and commissioned to execute frescoes in four small stanze, or rooms, of the Vatican Palace. After the death of Pope Julius II in 1513, and the accession of Leo X, Raphael's influence and responsibilities increased. He was made chief architect of Saint Peter's Basilica in 1514, and a year later was appointed director of all the excavations of antiquities in and near Rome.
Raphael died in Rome on his 37th birthday, April 6, 1520.
http://sunsite.auc.dk/cgfa/raphael/

Art Gallery: Raphael
Raphael (Raffaello Santi) (1483, Urbino, 1520, Roma)
16 Madonnen-Bilder. Art Gallery is a part of Christus Rex Project
http://www.christusrex.org/www2/art/Raphael.htm

Raphael: Works Viewable on the Internet
Eine sehr umfangreiche Linksammlung zu den Online-Werken von Raphael in Museen, Gallerien, Bildarchiven und anderen Websites.
http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/raphael.html

Stanze e Loggia di Raffaello
Pope Julius II Della Rovere commissioned 25 year old Raphael Sanzio in 1508 to paint the frescos in his four room apartment on the top floor. Three of the rooms were of modest dimensions, while the fourth one was considerably larger; with the completion of the work, the rooms became known as "The Raphael Stanze" .
They comprise the Stanza della Segnatura, the Stanza of Heliodorus, the Stanza of the Borgo Fire and the Sala of Constantine.
The Raphael Loggia consist of 13 arches forming a gallery 65 meters long and 4 meters wide. The construction was started by Bramante in 1512, under Pope Julius II and was completed by Raphael Sanzio under the reign of Leo X. The pictorial work was initiated in 1517.
The 52 scenes on the ceilings of the loggia are still popularly referred as "The Raphael Bible".
http://www.christusrex.org/www1/stanzas/0-Raphael.html

RAPHAEL'S ELIODORO CEILING
Kathryn V. Andrus-Walck - kandrusw@mail.uccs.edu
The central audience chamber of the residential rooms known as the Stanze in the Vatican Palace is named after the subject of its primary fresco decoration. the Expulsion of Eliodorus from the Temple. Painted between 1512 and 1514 by Raphael Sanzio, an artist favored by Pope Julius II and a rival of Michelangelo, the Stanza d'Eliodoro has garnered relatively less scholarly interest than the more well-known Stanza della Segnatura. At one time, the Sienese painter Baldassare Peruzzi was thought to have painted the ceiling of the Stanza d'Eliodoro, but most scholars now attribute to Raphael everything but the decorative frames. Today, thousands of visitors to the Vatican Museums pass through the Stanza d'Eliodoro every day, many at breakneck speed. Few have the chance to stop and to understand how their own experience of moving through the apartments of the Pope was fundamentally altered by the decorations centered there. Recreating the original experience of a sixteenth-century visitor to these rooms--and consequently rediscovering the meanings intended by Raphael--is an occupation of art historians.
http://harpy.uccs.edu/eliodoro/elio.html

Leonardo, Raphael and Michelangelo: Encyclopædia Britannica
The new style of painting that Leonardo had invented in Milan was continued with modifications by Bernardino Luini and others. It had no immediate repercussions in his native Florence, although the example of his unfinished "Adoration" remained there. It is true that Botticelli, Ghirlandajo, and Filippino Lippi borrowed the broad outlines of the composition, but they did not penetrate completely to the innovational features inherent in it.

The painter who benefited most from the example of Leonardo was undoubtedly Raphael. The Stanza della Segnatura (the first of a series of rooms in the Vatican constituting Pope Julius II's apartments), particularly the "School of Athens," which Raphael painted between 1508 and 1511, is one of the clearest and finest examples of the High Renaissance style.

At about the same time Raphael was working in the papal apartments in the Vatican, Michelangelo had undertaken the formidable task of decorating the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel (1508-12), also for Pope Julius II.
http://www.britannica.com/bcom/eb/article/4/0,5716,115374+9,00.html